The baseball star was charged with two counts of aggravated battery in the Halloween night scuffle.
His twin brother, Ozzie, was charged with one count and also was released from Miami-Dade County Jail.
Jose Canseco posted bail of $15,000 US and Ozzie Canseco of $7,500 US.
They face arraignment Dec. 4.
Jose Canseco, a 37-year-old former all-star, said he was at the club with his brother and three women when a man grabbed the player's date inappropriately and became aggressive.
Canseco said another man approached his brother, who pushed him back.
"I know that my brother and myself were definitely victims and the girl I was with got sexually assaulted," Jose Canseco said. "We got attacked.
"We are the victims here. We just defended ourselves."
Police said Jose Canseco grabbed a club patron by the neck, punched him and broke his nose.
Police said a second man was struck and needed to have his lip stitched.
Miami Beach Police detective Bobby Hernandez said the two men involved in the fight were tourists from California.
"This started as a verbal altercation and then the two Canseco brothers, basically, beat these guys up, putting them in the hospital," Hernandez said. "Obviously, this was an anger control problem."
Jose Canseco has been in trouble with the law before.
In 1997, police arrested him on charges he smacked his second wife in the head.
He was ordered to undergo battery counselling.
In 1992, he was charged with aggravated assault for ramming his vehicle into a new car driven by his first wife.
He agreed to community service and counselling.
Canseco is a free agent after hitting .258 with 16 homers and 49 RBIs for the Chicago White Sox last season.
The 1988 AL MVP is 22nd on the career homer list with 462.
