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A Dinosaur Nursery
Embryonic skeleton from a clutch of eggs at the nesting site of the dinosaurs Massospondylus. (Photo by D. Scott) |
A Canadian-led team of paleontologists has discovered the oldest dinosaur
nursery ever found. At the 190-million-year-old site in South Africa, there are
at least 10 nests containing the fossil eggs and embryos of a plant-eating
dinosaur called Massospondylus. The site even includes the tiny fossil
footprints of the newly-hatched babies. Dr. Robert Reisz of the
University of Toronto Mississauga says the site provides a wealth of surprising,
new information about early dinosaurs, including evidence that they nested in
groups, returned to the same nesting site year after year, and likely cared for
their young.
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Arctic Astronomy
Mountains on Ellesmere Island.(Paolo Giardino/Wikimedia Commons) |
A good site for a big ground-based telescope is at high altitude, has clear
skies with little air turbulence. Mauna Kea, the Hawaiian volcano has these
conditions, and most of the world's largest telescopes are
situated there. Astronomers are, however, considering other sites for
star-gazing, and one of the best places might be the Canadian High Arctic. Dr.
Eric Steinbring, an astronomer with the National Research Council's Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics in Victoria,
has been looking at mountaintop sites on Ellesmere Island, north of 80 degrees,
where skies are cool and clear, and where there is the additional advantage of a
starry night that lasts months at a time.
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A Moth of a Different Colour
(Courtesy of Yale University) |
Insects today display a spectacular range of different colours, and they
very likely did so in the past as well, but we can't be sure. While fossils can
preserve the shape of an animal, they rarely preserve their colours. Dr. Maria
McNamara, a paleobiologist in the Department of Geology and Geophysics at Yale
University, has discovered an exception to that rule. She's been studying 47 million-year-old moth fossils. These moths produced colour not from pigments,
but from the delicate structure of their wings, and Dr. McNamara has been able
to reconstruct that colour as a brilliant yellow-green.
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Brown Fat
PET scan showing location of brown fat in an adult woman. (Hellerhoff/Wkimedia Commons) |
Brown fat is a special kind of fat that burns very
efficiently to produce heat in small animals such as mice. Recently, scientists
discovered that adult humans also have brown fat. Dr.
André Carpentier of the University of Sherbrooke wanted to find
out whether humans are any good at burning brown fat when they are exposed to
cold. He and his colleagues chilled some human volunteers and monitored their
metabolism. The researchers found that in humans, brown fat does melt away in the cold,
burning almost as many calories as light exercise. Carpentier suggests the
findings might have future implications for the treatment of obesity and
diabetes.
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Miller's Grizzled Langur, I Presume
In the summer of 2011, an international team of scientists went to Borneo
to study the diversity and abundance of animals in Borneo's Wehea Forest, an
area the local community was trying to preserve from logging and development. Among the scientists was Brent Loken, a PhD student from the School of Resource
and Environmental Management at Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, B.C. Mr. Loken
was hoping to study the little-known clouded leopard, and camera traps were set
up to capture images of the elusive cat. However, when the images from the
camera were reviewed, a mysterious monkey seemed to be making regular
appearances. This monkey turned out to be the Miller's grizzled langur, which
had been thought to be extinct.
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Your Brain on Meditation
An fMRI scan of someone meditating shows areas of decreased activity in brain areas associated with wandering thoughts . (Yale University) |
People have been practicing various forms of meditation for thousands of years,
and recently psychologists have been giving new attention to some forms of the
practice for their value in calming the mind and reducing anxiety. Dr. Judson
Brewer, Medical Director of the Yale Therapeutic Neuroscience clinic at Yale
University in Connecticut, was interested in whether meditation's effects were
reflected in brain activity. Using Functional MRI imaging he studied
experienced and novice meditators, and found that meditation did seem to reduce
activity in parts of the brain associated with mind wandering and extraneous and
often negative, thoughts.
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Theme music bed copyright Raphaël Gluckstein, Creative Commons License by-nc-nd-2.0