A British bank schemed with the Iranian government to launder $250 billion from 2001 to 2007, leaving the United States' financial system "vulnerable to terrorists," New York's financial regulator charged on Monday.

Benjamin Lawsky, superintendent of State Financial Services, has signed an order that requires London-based Standard Chartered Bank to answer his questions following an investigation into "wire stripping," which is the process of removing crucial identifiers in financial transactions.

The bank conspired with its Iranian clients to route nearly 60,000 different U.S. dollar payments through Standard Chartered's New York branch "after first stripping information from wire transfer messages used to identify sanctioned countries, individuals and entities," according to agency's order.

The bank "developed various ploys that were all designed to generate a new payment message for the New York branch that was devoid of any reference to Iranian clients," according to the order.

The order also identifies an October 2006 "panicked message" from a London group executive director who worried the transactions could lead to "very serious or even catastrophic reputational damage to the group."

The order claims the transactions provided the bank with millions of dollars in fees at a time when such trade was restricted.

The agency called the bank a rogue institution, and quoted one of its executives as saying: "You [expletive] Americans. Who are you to tell us, the rest of the world, that we're not going to deal with Iranians." The bank's actions "left the U.S. financial system vulnerable to terrorists, weapons dealers, drug kingpins and corrupt regimes and deprived law enforcement investigators of crucial information used to track all manner of criminal activity," the agency said.

Standard Chartered Bank says it is now reviewing its compliance with U.S. sanctions and co-operating with U.S. federal agencies. The bank says it can't estimate when the review will conclude.

Illegal acts

If proven, the scheme would violate state money-laundering laws. The order also accuses the bank of falsifying business records, obstructing governmental administration, failing to report misconduct to the state quickly, evading federal sanctions and other illegal acts.

Between 2004 and 2007, about half of the period covered by the order, the department claims Standard Chartered hid from and lied about its Iranian transactions to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Before 2008, banks were allowed to transact some business with Iran, but only with full reporting and disclosure, the order states.

In 2008, the U.S. Treasury Department stopped those transactions because it suspected they helped pay for Iran to develop nuclear weapons and finance terrorist groups including Hamas and Hezbollah. The order states the bank has to provide information and answer to its questions to determine whether any of its funding aided the groups or Iran's nuclear program.

The order said the bank operates in 70 markets as a leading international banker with clients who are among the largest corporations and financial institutions in the world. The order notes the bank states in its own documents that its success is because of its "moral compass" and a core value of "openness" that is based on "always trying to do the right thing."

It handles about $190 billion US daily in business for its clients, according to the order.