An image of a stunning 10-armed sea star was captured by a camera on a robotic vehicle in waters off Indonesia on Aug. 2. (Image courtesy of NOAA Okeanos Explorer Program, INDEX-SATAL 2010)

Scientists using cutting-edge technology to explore waters off Indonesia were wowed by colourful and diverse images of marine life on the ocean floor — including plate-sized sea spiders and flower-like sponges that appear to be carnivorous.

They predicted Thursday that as many as 40 new plant and animal species may have been discovered during the three-week expedition that ended Aug. 14.

More than 100 hours of video and 100,000 photographs, captured using a robotic vehicle with high-definition cameras, were piped to shore in real time by satellite and high-speed internet.

Verena Tunnicliffe, a professor at the University of Victoria in British Columbia, said the images provided an extraordinary glimpse into one of the globe's most complex and little-known marine ecosystems.

The robotic vehicle captured more than 100 hours of video and 100,000 photographs, including this one of a deep-sea chimaera. Chimaeras are a group of cartilaginous fish that branched off from sharks nearly 400 million years ago. (Image courtesy of NOAA Okeanos Explorer Program, INDEX-SATAL 2010)

"Stalked sea lilies once covered the ocean, shallow and deep, but now are rare," she said in a written statement. "I've only seen a few in my career. But on this expedition, I was amazed to see them in great diversity."

Likewise, Tunnicliffe has also seen sea spiders before, but those were tiny in comparison, all around 2.5 centimetres long: "The sea spiders ... on this mission were huge. Eight inches (20 centimetres) or more across."

One animal captured on video looks like a flower, covered with glasslike needles, but scientists think it is probably a carnivorous sponge. The spikes, covered with sticky tissue, appear to capture food as it passes by.

Scientists used a powerful sonar mapping system and the robotic vehicle to explore nearly 54,000 square kilometres of sea floor off northern Indonesia, at depths ranging from 240 metres to more than two kilometres.

The mission was carried out by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's ship, the Okeanos Explorer. An Indonesian vessel, the Baruna Jaya IV, also took part, collecting specimens that, together with all rights for future use, will remain in the country.

Confirmation that a species is new involves a scientific peer review and other steps and can take years.