Indonesian students march during a rally in Jakarta, Indonesia, on Wednesday. (Achmad Ibrahim/Associated Press)

Students in Jakarta pelted rocks at police who returned fire with tear gas during one of several rallies across Indonesia on Wednesday to demand government action to end widespread corruption among politicians, police and other public officials.

More than two dozen rallies — annual events in this Muslim-dominated nation to mark International Anti-Corruption Day — were planned for the national capital of Jakarta and several of Indonesia's other larger cities.

Television news reports showed scores of students armed with rocks and wooden planks clashing with anti-riot police and vandalizing commercial buildings at a rally in Makassar, the South Sulawesi provincial capital 1,600 kilometres northeast of Jakarta.

Police fired tear gas canisters to break up the crowd after protesters tried to storm the provincial governor's office, MetroTV reported. There was no immediate report of injuries or arrests among the 2,000 protesters.

"We want the government not only talking about eliminating corruption," said Amang Wijaya, a 19-year-old student in Makassar. "But we want the government really prosecuting officials who are making the country bankrupt."

In Jakarta, a dozen rallies caused downtown traffic chaos in this city of 13 million.

Rallies across the country

Thousands marched peacefully on the Jakarta palace of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, who is under pressure to act after winning re-election in July on promises of stamping out graft.

Hundreds of anti-riot police were stationed outside his palace, backed up by two water cannons.

"Today's rally's aim is not to attack politically any party," protest organizer Usman Hamid said.

"We just want to send a message to our fellow countrymen ... that justice cannot be served while corruption is still rampant in our country."

As well as in Jakarta and Makassar, large rallies were also staged in towns and cities across the archipelago in Pamekasan, Bandung, Surabaya, Jayapura, Palu, Jember, Solo, Semarang, Banda Aceh, Malang and Palembang.

Yudhoyono's popularity has already been tested by scandals surrounding Indonesia's anti-graft commission and a $756 million Cdn government bailout of a bank. Earlier this week, he told the Jakarta Post that he believed the protests were partly aimed at destabilizing his government.

Attempt to frame anti-graft agency

"My logic says these political movements want to discredit, shake and topple me in the short term," the newspaper quoted him as saying Monday.

Yudhoyono said late Tuesday in a nationally televised speech that he would play a leading role in the fight against corruption.

However, he faces questions over the last year's bank bailout, which critics have alleged was full of irregularities. Indonesian lawmakers last week launched an inquiry into allegations that the bailout benefited Yudhoyono's re-election campaign — a claim he has denied.

Outside his palace on Wednesday, protesters burned pictures of Vice-President Boediono, who goes by only one name, and Finance Minister Sri Mulyani. Both have been accused of corrupt involvement in the bank bailout but have denied any wrongdoing.

The Indonesian government's struggle against graft has also been hurt by a dispute between the top anti-graft agency and rival police and prosecutors in Indonesia. Investigators concluded that senior law enforcers tried to frame anti-graft officials from the Corruption Eradication Commission on fabricated charges of bribery and blackmail.

According to advocacy group Transparency International's corruption index, Indonesia ranks 111th out of 180 countries, with the 180th — Somalia — ranking the worst. The Corruption Eradication Commission has been key to efforts to fight corruption in recent years.