Italian Premier Mario Monti saw nearly seven months of confidence-building by his government wiped out by Wednesday, when the country's borrowing rates in a bond auction skyrocketed back near levels last seen in December.

A sale of 12-month bonds, a warm-up for Thursday's weightier longer-term debt auction, demonstrated the speed with which market jitters spread from Spain following Madrid's weekend concession that its banks need a bailout. Italy paid an interest rate of 3.972 percent — up from 2.34 percent in a similar auction last month — to borrow €6.5 billion ($8.4 billion Cdn) in 12-month money from bond markets.

Though demand was strong, the high rate suggests investors worry Italy may eventually need a rescue of its own.

`'Contagion is back with a vengeance, and Italy is bearing the brunt of the fallout from Spain's request for external assistance," sovereign debt expert Nicholas Spiro said.

Markets, he noted, are no longer differentiating fiscally-stronger Italy from Spain, `'which is a sign that panic has set in." Just before the debt sale, Monti urged lawmakers to speed the pace of reforms in a bid to persuade skeptical investors — whom he referred to as "observers that don't nurture an innate sympathy for our country" — that Italy is able to make the necessary economic sacrifices to escape the debt crisis.

Although Italy's deficit is relatively low, at 3.6 per cent of GDP compared with Spain's 8.9 per cent, the economy is not growing and overall debt is huge, at €1.9 trillion ($2.46 trillion). To lower that debt, the economy needs to become more competitive.

To achieve that, Monti's technocratic government passed a package of tax hikes and spending cuts in December, and has been moving ahead with structural reforms.

'Contagion is back with a vengeance.'—Nicholas Spiro, sovereign debt expert

However, lobbies and politicians have been resisting the reforms, raising concern that political infighting might — as so often in the past — hinder the country's ability to fix its economy.

Public dissatisfaction with austerity measures has also been increasing. Trust in Monti has plunged from 70 per cent when he took office in November to 40 per cent last week, according to a survey of 1,000 people by the EMG polling agency for La7 private television.

The June 7 and 8 poll has a margin of error of 3.1 per cent.

With the country in a deep recession — the economy shrank a staggering 0.8 percent in the first quarter — both households and industry are wary of spending. At Rome's once-bustling Trionfale food market, just a few shoppers browsing the food stands Wednesday morning.

Baker Roberta Massaroli said she had to let go the nine people who once worked for her.

"Have you looked around here?" said Mario Lorenziti, a shopper. "The market is half-empty. And if a market like this is half-empty it means that business in general is going to pieces."

Monti convened the leaders of the top political parties Wednesday night to urge them to accelerate parliament's adoption of key reforms and repeated the message in the lower house.

`'The efforts that Italians have made and are making are difficult, but it would be even more difficult to accept, and the sense of alienation and frustration would be greater, if these forces were dictated" from outside, Monti told lawmakers ahead of a vote on anti-corruption measures.

Monti denies need for rescue

Among the measures the government has had to compromise on is a labour reform package that was passed by parliament after being watered down, allowing judges to order companies to reinstate workers fired for economic reasons.

Meanwhile, an important pension reform has become mired as the government and the state pension agency quibble over the numbers a worker class that accepted buyouts and face a limbo without salary or pension with the increased retirement age.

As Italy saw its bond yields rise this week amid concerns over Spain and the wider 17-country eurozone, the Austrian finance minister suggested Italy may also eventually need a bailout. She quickly backtracked on the remarks, however, after Monti and other European officials criticized them as inappropriate and counterproductive.

Monti firmly denied Italy will need outside assistance to keep up with payments on its debt, noting Wednesday that public finances are on much better footing than a few months ago.

He also made it clear that a broad European action plan is needed to avoid a spread of market panic from Spain to other countries like Italy, calling for concrete measures to be agreed at a June 28 EU summit.

He said that such measures as eurobonds — or jointly issued European debt to spread risk favored by France and Italy but opposed by Germany — don't need to be introduced this year, but should at least be in the early stages.