Airlines demanded compensation from the EU Monday for the more than $1 billion US in losses they've incurred so far as a result of the volcanic ash that has disrupted airspace in Europe.

At the same time, they criticized European governments for relying too much on scientific theory — not fact — in their decisions to ground flights across the continent.

Shares of some European airlines fell as flight disruptions from the volcanic cloud, which originated in Iceland, moved into a fifth day and the International Air Transport Association complained of "no leadership" from government leaders.

One government leader admitted there is dissension within the EU about how to respond.

Canada's air travel industry is being affected, with up to $4 million Cdn. being lost daily. Airline analyst Robert Kokonis has calculated that Air Canada could be losing about $3 million per day and tour operator Air Transat close to $750,000.

"This is totally unprecedented in the history of the airline business," Kokonis said Monday.

"The problem is this volcano couldn't be situated any worse... the transatlantic air corridor is infinitely busier than the North Pacific air corridor," Kokonis added.

"It's embarrassing, and a European mess," IATA CEO Giovanni Bisignani told The Associated Press. "It took five days to organize a conference call with the ministers of transport and we are losing $200 million per day [and] 750,000 passengers are stranded all over. Does it make sense?"

European civil aviation authorities held a conference call Monday about what steps could be taken toward opening airspace, and transport ministers from all 27 EU member states were to hold another later in the day.

'This is an unprecedented situation.'—Willie Walsh, British Airways CEO

Dominique Bussereau, France's transport minister, told reporters Monday that he had urged Spain ever since Saturday to call the ministerial meeting immediately — but Madrid declined. Spain is the current president of the council of the European Union, a title which rotates between member states.

"Naturally, it would have been better if had taken place Sunday or Saturday," Bussereau said.

British Airways said airlines have asked the EU for financial compensation for the closure of airspace, starting last Wednesday. With London among the first hubs shut down, the British carrier said it's losing as much as $30 million US per day.

BA chief executive officer Willie Walsh said European airlines have asked the EU and national governments for financial compensation for the closure of airspace. He pointed to a precedent: compensation paid to airlines after the closure of U.S. airspace following the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks.

IATA calls for group effort

"This is an unprecedented situation that is having a huge impact on customers and airlines alike," Walsh said. "We continue to offer as much support as we can to our customers, however, these are extraordinary circumstances that are beyond all airlines' control."

Environment Minister Jean-Louis Borloo — the No. 2 in the French cabinet — said a meeting was planned Tuesday of French airlines, travel agencies and the government to examine possible state aid to the industry.

"This aid will evolve of course based on the severity of the crisis. For that, we need a European pre-accord that we have obtained — an accord in principle so this sector aid can be allocated," Borloo told France's i-Télé.

German Transport Minister Peter Ramsauer said government decisions were based on a "sea of data" — and defended the continued closure of airspace in his country. He brushed off airlines' complaints about losses, saying they know about their susceptibility to weather conditions.

"It is completely obvious that you have to calculate with such risks," he told radio station Deutschlandfunk. "And I defend myself right away against any calls to the government," to compensate for the corporate losses.

The IATA, in a statement, called on governments to place "greater urgency and focus on how and when we can safely reopen Europe's skies" — such as through more in-depth study of the ash cloud.

A satellite photograph taken on Wednesday shows the huge ash cloud then making its way toward Europe. (Reuters)

"We have to not just use — as the Europeans were doing — a theoretical model, let's try to use figures and facts," Bisignani said. "It means sending test planes at certain kinds of altitudes to check what was the situation with the ashes."

While the association says "safety is our top priority," Bisignani said in the statement that its member airlines have run test flights with no problems and "they report missed opportunities to fly safely."

Bisignani said that Europe — unlike the United States, for example — is "not well-equipped" when it comes to planes that can test the air quality in the skies. He estimated that once flights in Europe do resume, it would take three to six days for traffic to return to normal.

France's Borloo said disparate analyses needed to be brought together based on "real tests on real planes with real pilots," so some air "corridors" could be reopened.

"The issue today is not to reopen all European commercial airspace, the issue today is to increase the ability to reopen corridors to allow the general de-congestion of European traffic," he told reporters.

Pierre-Henri Gourgeon, the No. 2 executive at Air France-KLM, said his company is losing $35 million a day and called for more test flights to see if routes are safe to fly. He said the French-Dutch carrier conducted five test flights on its own Sunday and planned another seven Monday.

Speaking to reporters Monday at Air France headquarters near Paris's main airport, Gourgeon said aviation authorities had relied on "insufficient" information when they imposed a near-blanket flight ban in some countries.

With files from The Canadian Press