TONY BURMAN : 5 years after 9/11, 3 lessons for the media September 11, 2006 | More from Tony Burman
Tony Burman is former Editor in Chief of CBC News – which includes news, current affairs and Newsworld. He was CBC's chief journalist, in charge of editorial content on radio, television and the internet. With more than 30 years' experience, he has produced many award-winning news and documentary programs for both CBC-TV and Radio. He has covered stories in more than 30 countries, including the Ethiopian Famine of 1984, the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe and the release of Nelson Mandela in South Africa.
What have we learned in the past five years? In particular, what have those of us in the media learned? Or what should we have learned?
For most of us, not only Americans, the horror of September 11, 2001, was made real and unforgettable because much of it happened live on television. Five years later, television is still crucially important. But what's real is for some apparently less so.
It is more than ironic that, for most Americans, a televised ABC dramatization of these events on Sunday and Monday which includes some key scenes that are apparently untrue will likely be the most-watched TV program in the U.S. marking this fifth anniversary.
Before its airing, the two-part program had been criticized for factual errors, inventing events, and for an alleged pro-conservative bias because of suggestions that the Democratic administration of Bill Clinton was more to blame for what occurred five years ago than George Bush and the Republicans.
ABC's entertainment division, which produced the program, stressed that it was a "dramatization" containing real news footage as well as "fictionalized scenes" and "composite characters." It also said the drama was based on the U.S. government-appointed 9/11 Commission, even though the commission suggested that the blame should be equally shared between the Clinton and Bush administrations.
The ABC explanation didn't satisfy many of its critics. Even though some of the questionable scenes were modified shortly before broadcast, and a brief ABC News program that followed the drama tried to mollify the critics, the controversy was the latest reminder about how sensitive these issues are.
Few of us will forget where we were, or what we were doing, when the planes slammed into the World Trade Center, the Pentagon and that Pennsylvania field five years ago. But none of us could have predicted the amazing series of events that have ensued since that sunny morning in New York City.
So what lessons should the media have learned during these long five years?
Let me suggest three:
1. Keep it accurate.
This story doesn't need embellishment. And neither did the ABC drama. There is enough known about all aspects of this story that could fill several documentaries and dramas.
A timely example of this was the excellent two-hour documentary, The Secret History of 9/11, which was broadcast on CBC Television on Sunday evening. Directed by Terence McKenna, it explored the secret war waged against al-Qaeda from the White House, the CIA and the FBI.
Using some dramatic re-enactments, it largely reflected the conclusions of the 9/11 Commission, and provided a gripping account of what went on behind the scenes on September 11, 2001.
2. Remember the wide shot.
This anniversary is a searing reminder of the poignancy of that human tragedy five years ago. The stories are unforgettable involving people from many countries, including Canada and over the past several days, we have become reacquainted with them.
Last week, CBC Newsworld presented the North American première of a documentary, The Falling Man, which examined one of the most powerful and unforgettable images from 9/11. It was the photograph of a man jumping to his death from the north tower of the World Trade Center.
The program turned out to be the most-watched documentary on Newsworld in more than a decade. So interest by Canadians in the human dimension of 9/11 has certainly endured these five years.
But for many Canadians, there is much more to this story. The typical Canadian analysis of 9/11 seems to extend well beyond the horrific events of that September morning. Over the past five years, we have seen from the huge audience response to our coverage of Afghanistan, Iraq, and other parts of the Middle East, debates about western foreign policy and the roots of the conflict. It appears that many Canadians view 9/11 from a very wide perspective.
3. Cut through the spin.
A key lesson for the media from the past five years is to accept no one's story at face value. That's obviously not new, but this five-year journey of distortion, alarmist rhetoric and spin from all sides has been breathtaking.
In Saturday's New York Times, there was a page-one story about a meeting last July with President Bush and his aides choreographing the strategy for the fifth anniversary of the September 11 attacks. The story reported: "It was clear to all that they had to try to reset the clock back to a time, before Iraq, when portraying Mr. Bush as a steely commander in chief was a far simpler task."
Above that article was a more revealing one, with this headline: "CIA said to find no Hussein link to terror chief." Quoting a U.S. Senate panel, it reported that the American intelligence agency had repudiated the claim there were pre-war ties between Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda that led to the events of 9/11.
This was one of the key arguments used by the Bush administration to justify the invasion of Iraq.
The next day, on the eve of September 11, U.S. Vice-President Dick Cheney conceded in an NBC interview that this report was true, that the administration had been wrong, and that it was time to move on.
As this fifth anniversary of 9/11 is being marked with tears, worry and foreboding it is difficult to imagine that everyone will be so sanguine.
Your Comments
Sep. 13, 2006 | 19:49 EDT
B. C. Leonard
toronto
We all felt mortified at the death of so many innocents victims, and empathy for their relatives and friends.
Why haven't all Americans felt the same for the innocent victims, and their relatives and friends in Iraq.
Sep. 13, 2006 | 09:39 EDT
Sandra McArthur
Collingwood, Ontario
Thank God for CBC and their giving us pretty much "the facts" daily and not the entertainment style stuff from all the other stations, most especially American news.
In my opinion, most Canadian stations are slipping into the Americanization of the news - except CBC. Carry on!
Sep. 12, 2006 | 19:20 PDT
Bruno Cociani
Winfield, BC
No words can detract from the horror of nearly 3000 people, innocent victims of lunatic suicidal maniacs, driven to their destiny by a fanatic misinterpretation of Islam. Equally, though, no words can justify the destruction of a whole nation and the death of hundred of thousands innocent people, children and women alike, murdered in cold blood, by a cold blooded war machine in an aggression based on utter lies and pretenses. Yet the Bush fans still defend their war as a necessary means to “fight terrorism.”
We know every little detail of every person killed on 9/11. How much do we know about those poor people burnt alive by falling bombs, maimed and killed by missile shrapnel. But for CBC and BBC, rarely did we see any footage of them . How many of them were there who met their death at the hand of US military? In America those souls don’t count and the Bush administration doesn’t even bother to count them.
But then, those are Iraqi Arabs. Their lives can be spared without fear of losing domestic votes.
Sep. 13, 2006 | 19:49 EDT
B. C. Leonard
toronto
We all felt mortified at the death of so many innocents victims, and empathy for their relatives and friends.
Why haven't all Americans felt the same for the innocent victims, and their relatives and friends in Iraq.
Sep. 12, 2006 | 13:20 MDT
Paula
Fort Qu'Appelle, Sk.
I want to thank the CBC for its news coverage and providing documentaries like the "Falling Man", "Secret History" and "Toxic Legacy". I especially appreciate Mr Burman's comments. September 11, 2001 just didn't happen. There is a long history behind the events that culminated in this horrible act. The bits and pieces I have been able to accummulate through reading news articles and watching TV have helped me understand the different perspectives of the US, Afghanistan, Canada, France, to name a few.
I believe it is extremely important that the way in which news is provided includes Mr. Burman's 3 lessons, along with other ways that ensure the viewing public is provided with a balanced perspective. It is then up to us to make our own minds and opinions. My own conclusion about September 11, the Taliban, our role in Afghanistan and all that surrounds this debate is that nothing is simple. I will continue to look to CBC to help me understand my world.
Sep. 12, 2006 | 09:26 PDT
P. Smith
B.C.
Please attach a link to "Loose change" on your CBC website so that people EVERYWHERE have access to this important alternate opinion which in many ways consists of more truth than any official version. We Canadians are the only ones who can assist our friends and neighbours in the US to receive truth so that they take a stand against the thick filters in place to stop their learning too much. PLEASE share what you now have access to with all who come to your valuable website. Thank you.
Sep. 12, 2006 | 09:22 PDT
Frank Castle
Victoria, BC
There has never been a proper explanation for the strange way those buildings collapsed on 9-11, nor any questioning as to why the evidence of the biggest crime scene in American history was so swiftly removed and destroyed.
A serious investigation is required to answer the nagging questions. There are far too many unanswered doubts as to how a rag-tag group of terrorists with minimal flight training pulled off the biggest most sophisticated operation in terrorist history.
I am one Canadian who does not blindly accept my state broadcast station's words at face value. I feel sorry for those on here who do.
By refusing to question the strange inconsistencies with the US government's 'Official Conspiracy Theory', CBC demonstrates it's clear allegiance to a right-wing corporate agenda.
I do not wear a tinfoil hat and I do not believe in the Easter bunny. I am just one Canadian who wants more questions asked about 911. Why did building 7 collapse? Why hasn't anyone been held accountable for ignoring the warnings? Why was the President allowed to sit for seven more minutes in a public place when his staff KNEW the country was under attack?
Why.
Start acting like journalists and start asking the tough questions.
Sep. 12, 2006 | 09:44 MDT
Joy
New Mexico-United States
I am writing this so you will know there are some Americans who are aware of the imperialism of our government, a small minority it seems but aware that we have travelled far from the roots of our beginnings.
We are ashamed to know what has been done in our name. We are fighting the best we can with the resources we have(which are basically the internet)I know a lot of people prefer to believe the Bush cabal as it is easier than knowing the truth.BUT they are beginning,we can only hope they will look at he evidence and know it for what it is.
I am 76 and only pray the truth will be accepted SOON in my lifetime and they will all be tossed out of office. And by the way your own government at this point is not lily white, but of course none of them are..I wish for peace , harmony and love for all and for all to WAKE UP and realize we are not free and to stop being sheeples...Sincerely.A freedom loving citizen of U.S
Sep. 12, 2006 | 11:55 ADT
Joe
Halifax
The quality of the media reporting of major world events has been in serious decline for years now and it is good to have some basic reminders outlined. What is sad is that these would have to be termed "lessons" for seasoned journalists that should have the quality and accuracy of their reporting as the basis for all they do to begin with.
"Tabloid creep", entertainment becoming news and unprincipled laziness driving passive acceptance of the official line are all enemies of true journalism. One way or another, members of the media are experts in presenting events to their fellow citizens and have a very important duty to perform in a democratic society. It may not always be popular but the moment that efforts to present the truth become obscured by other motivations, journalists become nothing more than party hacks.
Considering the events of the past few years in particular, it seems that the quest by elected officials for power and money has increased in direct proportion to journalistic integrety having decreased. Bringing the two closer together is essential if we are to slow the current North American trend of half truths, backroom politics and passive public acceptance of often poorly hidden agendas.
Sep. 12, 2006 | 08:12 EDT
Rich Devenney
Mississauga
I thought it was a succinct analysis of what the media should constantly be doing on any story, but more particularly on the 9/11 related stories. It should be sent, as a courtesy and for comment, to Mr. Burman's counterparts at every print, television and other media outlet in North America.
Sep. 11, 2006 | 22:25 EDT
Shirley Bush
Toronto, Ont., Canada
I do not believe that we can eliminate terrorism or that Canada is a safer place, or likely to be.
The events of 9/11 were truly tragic and all those affected deserve our deepest sympathy. However, so do the innocent civilians killed in "search and destroy" missions in a futile effort to completely eliminate the Taliban. No one is even sure just who the insurgents are. Our attacks will ensure another generation of hatred.
Sep. 11, 2006 | 20:04 MDT
name withheld
Toronto
I just weep so many times when I watch the news and hear this endless stream of selfish news coverage that plays up the events of 9/11 as if it were the most dastardly deed in the history of the world. For once the West was attacked and suddenly we see what it's like to have civillians die on our own turf. It is a rare news item indeed that pays the slightest attention to the idea of balance with respect to the relative death tolls on either side of the so-called "war on terror". There have been so many stories about the American losses on 9/11, but where are the stories about the innocent Iraqi's slaughtered by the tens of thousands by US "smart" bombs. Less than 3000 were lost on 9/11 in America. I'm sure Iraqis wish they were so lucky. We are a cruel, selfish people indeed if we fail to emphasize the horrific price the poor and powerless civilians in Iraq have paid for our desire to continue to dominate the world out of all proportion to our numbers.
Sep. 11, 2006 | 21:15 EDT
Rob Smith
Toronto
Isn't it just about time that people dump the ludicrous (and pretty offensive) 9/11 conspiracy theories that seem to be so popular among a small but vocal segment of the population? Like any conspiracy theory, we should see it for what it really is - an intellectual crutch that can be used to make horribly complicated and convoluted situations seem simple and tidy.
Sep. 11, 2006 | 20:25 EDT
MB
AO
Boo to the people that show such disrespect as to say we did this to our self.
9/11 deserves better than that. There is zero logic in that... why? and why so extream?, silly.
God Bless those and their family of 9/11 and America.
Sep. 11, 2006 | 16:12 EDT
Peter Petkovich
Toronto
Mr.Burman's points seem rather obvious. One would hope that this is standard behviour for the media.
But this has happened before. Clinton sold the world on invading and bombing a sovereign state, Yugoslavia, which had acted against entities within its own borders, deemed countries by dimplomatic recognition only days earlier.
Rarely were critical questions asked by the media, for fear of being excluded from press briefings.
Clinton had his humanitarian grounds, which trampled over international law. Bush first had the Saddam-al Quaeda link, then WMD, to justify his actions.
Acts in contradicion to Mr. Burman's principles have happened before, and sadly, they will continue to occur.
Sep. 11, 2006 | 14:38 EDT
Bob Halstead
Toronto
Re Nine-eleven, three points.
One: Many Canadians are sick of hearing that America is “the home of freedom”. The American system of elections is archaic and the American methods that elect their President who commands their military are easily influenced by big money, applied to vital points. As America does not have a very reliable democracy and as the American electorate is poorly informed, America is one of the greatest threats to peace on Earth in the 21st century.
Two: The number of innocent people in Asia and in Central and South America who died in events that were supported by American Imperialism (events that were not declared wars or preludes to declared wars) greatly outnumbers the number of innocent North Americans who died on 2001 September 11.
As horrific as 2001 Sept 11 was to watch, the free press in countries like Canada must never let Yankee Imperialism off the hook. American Imperialism bought and paid for Nine-eleven with a callous disregard for the lives of innocent people around the world.
No country in history has had such an innocent aura at home and such a terrible reputation abroad as the U.S.A since 1950. Nine-eleven was pay-back.
The worst thing that you and I, and the free press of Canada and the Free World, must never forget, is the ignorance of the American citizen of the evil that its government has conducted and easily covered up, because the American news media just will not cover the bad that America wilfully does.
Three: “Nine-eleven” needs a new name. There is a September 11 in every year. Two-thousand-one-nine-eleven is awkward and too long. The “Events of September 2001” is more complete and more accurate. Just Nine-eleven is a code that has served its purpose and needs to be replaced.
Thanks for reading me.
Bob Halstead
CBC fan.
Sep. 11, 2006 | 11:06 PDT
Jeff Lewis
Burnaby. BC
Here are three more very important lessons I wish the media would learn:
- Don't add more spin.
Almost every report I've read seems to want to spin up 9/11 in some way. One phrase I'd love never to hear again is "9/11 changed the world," because in reality - it didn't. Terrorism and tragic disasters are commonplace everywhere but here in North America. What changed wasn't the world - it was us.
Now, the reaction to 9/11 by the US government - that changed the world - but not permanently.
Let's keep the hyperbole down to a light roar, ok?
- Keep personal opinions out of news reports.
I've even caught the BBC doing this. When reporting factual news - the reporter has an obligation to keep personal opinion out. But more and more often I read or hear reporters injecting their personal religious or political bias into their reporting.
Keep the opinions for op-ed pieces.
- Facts first.
There's a place for 'feelings' reporting, and it's important to cover this - but first and foremost, it's about the facts.
Once again, the best example of this failure comes from the BBC when I heard a reporter point blank tell a person he was interviewing that he didn't want to hear about facts and numbers, he wanted to hear about how people felt about the event.
Excuse me? *I* want to hear the facts. I do not want it filtered through someone's emotional fog or biases. How else can I make intelligent decisions about what's going on and how it affects me? How else can I judge the quality of reaction by my elected officials if I don't know what they're reacting to?
It's a disservice to us, the public, and an abrogation of the basic responsibility of the press to deliver the facts.
Sep. 11, 2006 | 11:24 MDT
William Doelman
Calgary
Mr. Burman's article is well written and interesting; he demonstrates attributes of social awareness and integrity that have become increasingly rare in modern western society. Personally I find it refreshing to observe a sage and open-minded Canadian perspective, one that focuses on wider aspects of 9/11 in terms of American foreign policy and popular attitudes. I sincerely hope that the CBC continues to be a strong voice in Canada for many years to come.
Sep. 11, 2006 | 13:05 EDT
SL Sheehan
Ottawa, ON
Dear Mr. Burman / CBC,
9/11...History repeating...
In 1897, two American generals, realizing that their troops needed motivation to attack the Spanish during the Spanish-American war, decided to sink their own battleship, the USS Maine, to blame the attack on the insurgent Spanish. After doing so, their soldiers were angered by the Spanish offensive and begged the generals to fight back...this was the first instance of psychological warfare used on it's own people recorded in US history..but is not the last. I believe the Bush Admin took a page from their history book and created this whole 9/11 incident to sway the public eye in their favour and to buy them some lee-way regarding their agenda of control and world hegemony. Since hind site is so clear, let's look back at the bogus reasons they gave us for Iraq, let's look at the small print at the Patriot Act, let's scrutinize why Bush was really in Iraq and why he has so much to hide...why is he holding prisoners in Cuba, why the secret prisons in Europe, why are they still in Iraq?....answering any of these questions will point you in the right direction...although the truth maybe hard to swallow, it's a jagged little pill that we all need to take.
SL Sheehan
Ottawa, ON
Sep. 11, 2006 | 12:24 EDT
Costa Papas
Lakefield, ON
Re: Mr. Burman's 3 lessons for the media"
I think Mr. Burman has maybe left out one important aspect of this, in that media should leave out their interpertation and views in these matters, but simply report what is being stated and shown as opposed to what maybe.
Mr. McKenna's account of 9/11 explored some further unknown insight with snipets of facts thus allowing him to further explore his own views on the subject.
I am surprised that knowing all of this how Mr. Burham's own article on the first item as having the media keeping it accuate, and thus Mr. Burman's conclusion and praise about the storey is in my opinion inaccurate itself?
Regards,
Costa Papas
Sep. 11, 2006 | 13:01 ADT
Brian Ross
Truro
Timely reminders. Share them with your executive producers, producers and reporters. Do this sharing regularly, repeatedly and consistently.
Sep. 11, 2006 | 11:08 EDT
Philippe Roy
Ottawa, ON
Thank you Mr. Burman for shedding light and stating the obvious regarding 9/11 and all media reporting. As you correctly pointed out, the media's responsibility is to keep it real (accurate), letting the camera do the talking (remembering the wide shot) and, most importantly, getting to the heart of the matter without embellishment or political/social bias (cutting through the spin). If journalists, and newsmakers - here and abroad - would stick to these principles, the general public would be more informed, better served and less prone to false assumptions created by hype, half-truths and political doctoring.
Sep. 11, 2006 | 06:10 +8
Michael Curtis
surrey, british columbia
It was
An Attack on ALL OF US
Sep. 11, 2006 | 11:48 MDT
Heather MacIntosh
Calgary
The real life 9/11 attacks were horrific. The fact that ABC felt the need for extra political spin, further dramatization, and fictional characters to supplement the 5-year anniversary story is disturbing. Thanks for calling critical attention to this unethical mix of news and entertainment.
Heather MacIntosh
Sheldon Chumir Foundation for Ethics in Leadership