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. These were based
in part on practices previously used by US personnel in Afghanistan
and included isolation for up to thirty days, dietary manipulation,
environmental manipulation, "sleep adjustment," and "false flag" (leading
detainees to believe that they have been transferred to a country
that permits torture). These rules were considered by many senior
military lawyers as inconsistent with those authorized by the Army
Field Manual.
Summer 2003: The first prisoners start arriving at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq – the 800th MP battalion is tasked to manage all detention centers in Iraq.
June 30, 2003: Brigadier General Janis Karpinski takes command of the 800th MP battalion.
August 19, 2003: United Nations headquarters in Baghdad is bombed. Sergio Vieira de Mello the head of the UN mission is killed.
August 30/31, 2003: Major General Geoffrey Miller arrives in Iraq with a 17-member training team. According to Janis Karpinski, Miller tells her that he was sent by Secretary Rumsfeld and Under Secretary Cambone to "gitmo-ize" detention facilities in Abu Ghraib by causing Guantanamo interrogation practices to be used on detainees in Iraq.
September 14, 2003: Based in part on General Miller
and Captain Wood's recommendations, General Rick Sanchez issues
an interrogation policy for Iraq. The memo also
allows for the presence of military working dogs to exploit supposed
Arab fears of dogs, sensory deprivation, as well as the use of stress
positions.
October 9, 2003: The International Committee of the Red Cross begins a series of visits to Abu Ghraib . The ICRC will later issue a report claiming abuses at the prison "tantamount to torture." The Red Cross held that prisoners were subjected to "physical and psychological coercion" which was in some cases "tantamount to torture." The ICRC witnesses abuses including sleep deprivation, tight handcuffs that caused lesions as well as keeping naked detainees in total darkness in bare concrete cells.
October 12, 2003: General Sanchez changes his
policy after military lawyers express concern. "Control" of lighting,
heating, food, shelter, and clothing given to detainees is still
allowed. Despite some restrictions, use of dogs in interrogations
was still permitted, provided that interrogators receive authorization.
October 25, 2003: Three prisoners in Abu Ghraib are dragged from their cells. A rumour is circulating that they raped a teenage boy. They are stripped naked, made to crawl along the floor and chained together on the ground and forced to mimic sex. Among the soldiers there that night are Charles Graner, Armin Cruz, Ken Davis, Israel Rivera and Roman Krol. Davis and Rivera walk away, but the others continue their interrogation of the prisoners, even though the three men insist on their innocence. (see photo of scene in hallway above) (read more)
January 13, 2004: Specialist Joseph Danby turns over CDs with hundreds of images of abuse at Abu Ghraib to army investigators.
January 16, 2004: The Army releases a 5-line press release acknowledging allegations of abuse and saying they will be investigated.
September 11, 2004: Armin Cruz is sentenced to eight months in prison, a reduction in rank and a bad-conduct discharge. Cruz was the first military intelligence soldier to be convicted in Abu Ghraib scandal. Cruz received an eight month sentence for conspiracy and maltreatment of prisoners. He pleaded guilty to both counts.
January 14, 2005: Charles Graner is convicted of of assault, conspiracy, maltreatment of detainees, committing indecent acts, and dereliction of duty, as well as one battery count that the jury reduced from assault. He receives ten years in prison for his crimes.
February 2, 2005: Roman Krol is sentenced to 10 months in confinement after he pleaded guilty to conspiracy and abusing detainees at Iraq's Abu Ghraib prison.
September 26, 2005: Lynndie England is convicted of one count of conspiracy, four counts of maltreating detainees and one count of committing an indecent act. She was acquitted on a second conspiracy count. Along with a dishonorable discharge, England received a three-year prison sentence on September 27.
October 5, 2005: An amendment banning torture that is sponsored by Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.) passes the Senate by a vote of 90-9. The amendment which is opposed by the Bush Administration prohibits "cruel, inhuman or degrading" treatment of American held detainees.
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